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Base de dados :	INDEXPSI
Pesquisa :	PSYCHOLOGY
Referências encontradas :	262 [refinar]
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Id:	46389
Autor:	Arruda, Marco A; Arruda, Renato.
Título:	Psychological adjustment in children with episodic migraine: a population-based study.
Fonte:	Psychol. Neurosci. (impr.);7(1)Jan.-June 2014.
Resumo em inglês:	We investigated psychological adjustment in a preadolescent pediatric population as a function of headache diagnosis. Children from a city public education system were enrolled in this study. (AU)
Descritores DECS:	Transtornos de Enxaqueca Cefaleia Adaptação Psicológica Criança
	-Questionários
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Criança
Descritores Psi Português:	AJUSTAMENTO EMOCIONAL ENXAQUECA CEFALEIA CRIANÇAS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT MIGRAINE HEADACHE HEADACHE CHILDREN
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ADAPTACIÓN EMOCIONAL JAQUECA CEFALALGIA NIÑOS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100006&lng=en&nrm=iso

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Id:	46374
Autor:	Kaye, Alan David; Baluch, Amir R.; Kaye, Rachel J.; Niaz, Rashid S.; Kaye, Aaron J.; Liu, Henry; Fox, Charles J..
Título:	Geriatric pain management, pharmacological and nonpharmacological considerations.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):15-26, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Persistent pain is prevalent in the elderly population, although it is not an inevitable part of aging. It is important to understand how to manage pain effectively in old age, particularly because an increasing number of individuals are becoming older, or living longer. Several problems, less common in younger adults, may complicate the treatment of pain. An accurate pain assessment is required for the most efficient strategy of pain treatment. Challenges to an effective pain assessment include: pain underreporting by patients, atypical manifestations of pain in elderly, age-associated pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes to specific drugs, other general age-related changes, and misconceptions about tolerance or addiction to opioids. However, physicians are able to provide geriatric patients with appropriate analgesia by using comprehensive assessment involving a multidisciplinary approach, and the appropriate use of various treatment modalities.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Medição da Dor Saúde do Idoso Avaliação Geriátrica
	-Geriatria Farmacocinética Limiar da Dor Quimioterapia Técnicas Psicológicas
Descritores Psi Português:	DOR GERONTOLOGIA AVALIAÇÃO GERIÁTRICA IDOSOS FARMACOTERAPIA INTERVENÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN GERONTOLOGY GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT AGED PHARMACOTHERAPY PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	DOLOR GERONTOLOGÍA EVALUACIÓN GERIÁTRICA ADULTOS MAYORES FARMACOTERAPIA INTERVENCIÓN PSICOLÓGICA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100004

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Id:	46373
Autor:	Martinez, José Eduardo.
Título:	Fibromyalgia and the old dilemma: theory vs. practice.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):9-14, Jan.-June 2014 ilus.
Resumo em inglês:	The objective of this article is to review some aspects of the fibromyalgia syndrome and its mechanisms of development. We also discuss how to go from preclinical research to clinical practice. Fibromyalgia is a clinical syndrome whose main features include diffuse musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive disorders. Russell & Larsson (2009) proposed "pronociceptive" and "antinociceptive" systems under normal conditions. Functional pain states such as fibromyalgia are derived from central disturbances in pain processing. The association with anxiety and depression is a negative prognostic factor. Distress is an important part of its physiopathology. The concomitance of other functional syndromes is a rule. The already known etiopathogenic mechanisms of fibromyalgia can be applied in clinical practice for diagnosis and rational therapeutic approaches. Pharmacological but mainly nonpharmacological measures must be applied. Although much information still needs to be obtained, the clinician presently has sufficient tools for efficiently treating fibromyalgia patients. An important aspect is that such knowledge needs to reach primary care physicians because the prevalence of fibromyalgia does not allow all patients to be treated by specialists.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Fibromialgia Fibromialgia Fibromialgia
	-Dor Musculoesquelética Depressão Ansiedade Transtornos Cognitivos
Descritores Psi Português:	FIBROMIALGIA AFLIÇÃO DEPRESSÃO ANSIEDADE DISTÚRBIOS COGNITIVOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	FIBROMYALGIA AFFLICTION DEPRESSION ANXIETY COGNITION DISORDERS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	FIBROMIALGIA AFLICCIÓN DEPRESIÓN ANSIEDAD TRASTORNOS COGNITIVOS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100003

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Id:	46372
Autor:	Mendoza, M. Elena; Gertz, Kevin J.; Jensen, Mark P..
Título:	Contributions of four pain domains to the prediction of patient functioning and pain interference.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):3-8, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Pain is a multidimensional experience that can vary in intensity, quality and spatial and temporal characteristics. Although there is a great deal of research supporting the importance of pain intensity as a correlate of patient functioning, there is a lack of research examining the importance of the other components of pain, especially the temporal domain. The purpose of this study was to advance the understanding of the role of four pain domains in predicting both pain interference and psychological functioning in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis. The findings confirmed the significant association between pain intensity and measures of pain interference and psychological functioning, providing additional support for the importance of assessing pain intensity as a key component of chronic pain assessment. None of the other domains showed statistically significant associations with either of the criterion variables. However, we did find non-significant trends for pain temporal patterns to be associated with depressive symptoms. Specifically, there was a trend for patients reporting constant pain to report more depression than those reporting intermittent and variable pain. This suggests the possibility that the temporal pattern of pain may play a role in the impact of pain on depression; however, more research is needed to confirm this finding.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Dor Dor Dor Crônica Depressão
	-Medição da Dor
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Adulto Meia-Idade Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
Descritores Psi Português:	DOR SOFRIMENTO DEPRESSÃO
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN SUFFERING DEPRESSION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	DOLOR SUFRIMIENTO DEPRESIÓN
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100002

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Id:	46371
Autor:	Ribeiro, Jefferson A. S.; Silva, José A. da; Katayama, Bianka Y. N. Y.; Jorge, Rodrigo.
Título:	Pain in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):27-31, Jan.-June 2014.
Resumo em inglês:	Treatment of vitreoretinal diseases comprises a range of options that has increased in the past several years, allowing more individuals to benefit from new therapeutic approaches. The use of lasers in the retina, new surgical techniques, and intravitreal drug administration constitute common treatment options. These retinal and vitreal procedures have both benefits and drawbacks. Among the drawbacks is discomfort associated with the procedure, constituting a relevant issue because it can compromise adherence to treatment. We reviewed aspects of pain associated with vitreoretinal procedures and the available options for its control. With regard to vitreoretinal procedures, laser photocoagulation is associated with a higher pain score compared with vitrectomy and intravitreal injection using traditional anesthesia methods, suggesting that laser photocoagulation still needs to be improved with regard to comfort during the procedure. In some cases, a combination of analgesic options may be the best choice for pain-sensitive individuals. Individual differences and the specific condition that is treated should be considered when deciding the best treatment option.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Dor Ocular
	-Vitrectomia Fotocoagulação a Laser Injeções Intravítreas
Descritores Psi Português:	OLHO (FISIOLOGIA) DOR
Descritores Psi Inglês:	EYE(PHYSIOLOGY) PAIN
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	OJO (FISIOLOGÍA) DOLOR
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100005

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Id:	46370
Autor:	Silva, José Aparecido Da.
Título:	The challenge of pain.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):1-2, Jan.-June 2014.
Descritores DECS:	Dor
	-Psicofisiologia
Descritores Psi Português:	DOR PSICOFISIOLOGIA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	DOLOR PSICOFISIOLOGÍA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100001

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Id:	46369
Autor:	Charry, Claudia L. E.; Piola, Joseane dos Santos; Linhares, Maria B. M.; Silva, José Aparecido da.
Título:	Validity and reliability assessment of the Brazilian version of the Faces Pain Scale-Revised.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):55-59, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) is among the most commonly used measures of pain intensity in clinical and research settings. Little evidence exists about the Brazilian version of this scale. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the FPS-R. The sample comprised 214 children, 6 to 10 years of age. In the first phase of the study, the children ranked the faces of the FPS-R according to pain intensity, and the faces were presented in all possible pair combinations (content validity). All six faces were correctly ranked by 47% of the younger children (6 to 7 years old) and 52% of the older children (8 to 10 years old). With regard to paired combinations, all of the pairs were correctly placed by 63% of the younger children and 67% of the older children. In the second phase, the children rated recalled experiences of pain using both the Brazilian version of the FPS-R and Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS; convergent validity). The children were retested 4 weeks later (test-retest reliability). The degree of agreement between the FPS-R and CAS was moderate, with a Kendall's tau-b (τ) of .49 (p .01). The test-retest reliability coefficient was τ
Descritores DECS:	Medição da Dor Reprodutibilidade dos Testes Expressão Facial
	-Brasil
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Criança
Descritores Psi Português:	EXPRESSÕES FACIAIS ESCALAS DOR VALIDADE DO TESTE CRIANÇAS (BRASIL)
Descritores Psi Inglês:	FACIAL EXPRESSIONS SCALING (TESTING) PAIN TEST VALIDITY CHILDREN (BRAZIL)
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	EXPRESIONES FACIALES ESCALAS DOLOR VALIDACION DE TEST NIÑOS (BRASIL)
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100008

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Id:	46368
Autor:	Linhares, Maria Beatriz Martins; Oliveira, Nátali C.A.C.; Doca, Fernanda N.P.; Martinez, Francisco E.; Carlotti, Ana Paula P.; Finley, Gordon Allen.
Título:	Assessment and management of pediatric pain based on the opinions of health professionals.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(1):43-53, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	The present study characterized the opinions of health professionals about strategies for assessing and managing pediatric pain in a public teaching hospital. The sample consisted of 92 health professionals who worked in pediatric wards, pediatric intensive care, and neonatal intensive care. The sample included 45 doctors, 18 nurses, 16 psychologists, eight physiotherapists, and five occupational therapists. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire that included 22 open questions on the following topics: pain assessment, pharmacological management, and non-pharmacological interventions. Each area was analyzed with regard to actions, resources, gaps, and needs. The questionnaire was developed based on the principles of Strategic Planning. Two trained researchers analyzed the thematic content of all of the responses. With regard to actions and resources, 33% of the respondents mentioned the use of instruments for pain assessment, 73% reported that they prescribed pharmacological treatments for symptoms of pain, and 26% reported the use of non-pharmacological interventions for the relief of pain. The professionals predominantly reported a lack of training for pain assessment and management, standardized protocols, and human and material resources. Consequently, 96% of the professionals reported the necessity for educational training and standardized implementation guidelines for pain assessment services. These findings provide a baseline of the health professional's opinions of pain issues, which are essential for implementing and increasing pain assessment and management policies institutionally.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Medição da Dor Pediatria
	-Questionários Pessoal de Saúde
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino
Descritores Psi Português:	DOR PEDIATRIA AVALIAÇÃO QUESTIONÁRIOS PESSOAL DA SAÚDE
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN PEDIATRICS EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRES HEALTH PERSONNEL
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	DOLOR PEDIATRÍA EVALUACIÓN CUESTIONARIO PERSONAL DE SALUD
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000100007

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Id:	46292
Autor:	Mograbi, Daniel; Silva, José Aparecido Da.
Título:	What is new in Perception-Action and Memory-Attention.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):243-244, July-Dec. 2014.
Descritores DECS:	Percepção Memória Postura Locomoção Medição da Dor Doença de Alzheimer
Descritores Psi Português:	MEMÓRIA FALSA MEMÓRIA DE CURTO PRAZO PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL POSTURA LOCOMOÇÃO DOR ATENÇÃO VISUAL DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Descritores Psi Inglês:	FALSE MEMORY SHORT TERM MEMORY SPATIAL PERCEPTION POSTURE LOCOMOTION PAIN VISUAL ATTENTION ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	FALSA MEMORIA MEMORIA DE CORTO PLAZO PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL POSTURA LOCOMOCIÓN DOLOR ATENCIÓN VISUAL ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300001

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Id:	46291
Autor:	Loomis, Jack M..
Título:	Three theories for reconciling the linearity of egocentric distance perception with distortion of shape on the ground plane.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):245-251, July-Dec. 2014 ilus.
Resumo em inglês:	The focus here is on the paradoxical finding that whereas visually perceived egocentric distance is proportional to physical distance out to at least 20 m under full-cue viewing, there are large distortions of shape within the same range, reflecting a large anisotropy of depth and frontal extents on the ground plane. Three theories of visual space perception are presented, theories that are relevant to understanding this paradoxical result. The theory by Foley, Ribeiro-Filho, and Da Silva is based on the idea that when the visual system computes the length of a visible extent, the effective visual angle is a non-linear increasing function of the actual visual angle. The theory of Durgin and Li is based on the idea that two angular measures, optical slant and angular declination, are over-perceived. The theory of Ooi and He is based on both a default perceptual representation of the ground surface in the absence of visual cues and the "sequential surface integration process" whereby an internal representation of the visible ground surface is constructed starting from beneath the observer's feet and extending outward.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção de Distância Percepção de Profundidade Distorção da Percepção
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO VISUAL PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL DISTORÇÃO PERCEPTIVA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	VISUAL PERCEPTION SPATIAL PERCEPTION PERCEPTUAL DISTORTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN VISUAL PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL DISTORCIÓN PERCEPTIVA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300002

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Id:	46290
Autor:	Durgin, Frank H..
Título:	Angular scale expansion theory and the misperception of egocentric distance in locomotor space.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):253-260, July-Dec. 2014 ilus.
Resumo em inglês:	Perception is crucial for the control of action, but perception need not be scaled accurately to produce accurate actions. This paper reviews evidence for an elegant new theory of locomotor space perception that is based on the dense coding of angular declination so that action control may be guided by richer feedback. The theory accounts for why so much direct-estimation data suggests that egocentric distance is underestimated despite the fact that action measures have been interpreted as indicating accurate perception. Actions are calibrated to the perceived scale of space and thus action measures are typically unable to distinguish systematic (e.g., linearly scaled) misperception from accurate perception. Whereas subjective reports of the scaling of linear extent are difficult to evaluate in absolute terms, study of the scaling of perceived angles (which exist in a known scale, delimited by vertical and horizontal) provides new evidence regarding the perceptual scaling of locomotor space.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção de Distância Percepção Espacial
	-Psicofísica
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL PSICOFÍSICA AÇÃO
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SPATIAL PERCEPTION PSYCHOPHYSICS ACTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL PSICOFÍSICA ACCIÓN
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300003

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Id:	46289
Autor:	Lupón-Bas, Núria; Torrents Gómez, Aurora; Cardona, Genís; Silva, José Aparecido da; Aznar-Casanova, J. Antonio.
Título:	New evidence of visual space anisotropy with auto-stereograms.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):261-267, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Projeto	Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. MECOM; Ref. PSI-2012-35194.
Resumo em inglês:	Numerous research efforts have been directed toward determining the origin of anisotropies of visual space, in contrast to real space. Recent neurophysiological studies have placed the origin in the primary visual cortex (V1) or beyond. The present study sought to provide new psychophysical evidence of the origin of these anisotropies using auto-stereograms as visual stimuli in a relative depth judgment task. The observers were presented with a hidden three-dimensional shape that consisted of two pairs of parallel line segments that were located in different depth planes and oriented at 0º (horizontal line segments), 45º, and 90º (vertical line segments). The influence of orientation on the visual performance of five observers was evaluated. The encountered differences at 45º compared with cardinal orientations revealed a non-conclusive trend toward a negative impact of oblique orientation on the observers' performance. Significant differences were found in accuracy between the horizontal and vertical orientations, and the best scores corresponded to vertical line segments. This finding may be interpreted as the expression of vertical-horizontal anisotropy in depth. The perception of hidden three-dimensional shapes in auto-stereograms occurs beyond the primary visual cortex in the dorsal stream, and the present findings provide psychophysical evidence of the location of vertical-horizontal anisotropy in non-retinotopic areas beyond V1.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Anisotropia Percepção Visual Percepção de Profundidade
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Adulto Meia-Idade
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO VISUAL PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	VISUAL PERCEPTION SPATIAL PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN VISUAL PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300004

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Id:	46288
Autor:	Consolo, Patricia; Holanda, Humberto C.; Fukusima, Sérgio S..
Título:	Humans tend to walk in circles as directed by memorized visual locations at large distances.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):269-276, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Human veering while walking blindfolded or walking straight without any visual cues has been widely studied over the last 100 years, but the results are still controversial. The present study attempted to describe and understand the human ability to maintain the direction of a trajectory while walking without visual or audio cues with reference to a proposed mathematical model and using data collected by a global positioning system (GPS). Fifteen right-handed people of both genders, aged 18-30 years, walked without vision in an open field directly toward a target after seeing it for a brief period of time. Time and distance were directly measured by the GPS receiver. The mathematical analysis indicated that both linear and angular velocities determined the shape of the trajectory. Careful observation of the trajectories clearly showed a geometrical pattern, and the circular trajectory was the most frequent. Such behavior can be explained by the almost constant linear and angular velocity during the walk. From the perspective of the mathematical model, angular velocity is the observable physical quantity that most determines the trajectory pattern. One can notice that better performance (i.e., lower angular velocity) is related to longer distances when comparing an individual's circular trajectory walking performance as a function of different target distances (i.e., 30.00, 41.60, 57.69, and 80.00 m).(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção Espacial Locomoção Memória
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Adulto
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL LOCOMOÇÃO MEMÓRIA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SPATIAL PERCEPTION LOCOMOTION MEMORY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL LOCOMOCIÓN MEMORIA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300005

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Id:	46287
Autor:	Matsushima, Elton H.; Vaz, Aline M.; Cazuza, Rafael A.; Ribeiro Filho, Nilton P..
Título:	Independence of egocentric and exocentric direction processing in visual space.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):277-284, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	One major issue concerning investigations of visual perception is determination of the geometrical properties of visual space. To address this issue, one must determine the relationships between geometrical features of visual space, distance, direction, angle, and size. Consistent evidence indicates that visual angle is a determinant of perceived exocentric distance. Previous evidence suggests that exocentric distance and direction are hierarchically processed, with distance preceding direction. The present study investigated the relationship between the perceptual processing of egocentric direction and exocentric direction using a task that independently provides both perceptual variables in a single judgment. The results indicated that egocentric directions were systematically overestimated, and this was not caused by either the global shape of the layout or leg length effects. Exocentric directions presented a discontinuous pattern of overestimation of smaller angles that were subtended by radial orientations and accuracy of right angles that were subtended by horizontal orientations. This could be explained by the anisotropy of visual space, a well-established phenomenon from visual space studies. The analysis of the association between the processing of these two variables revealed independence between them in which exocentric direction processing did not depend on the processing of egocentric direction processing, and vice versa. The present results and prior evidence converge on the notion of hierarchical processing in which the visual system processes the egocentric distance of objects followed by exocentric distance processing and subsequent processing. The precise positions of egocentric and exocentric directions in this chain of processing remain to be determined.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção Visual
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO VISUAL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	VISUAL PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN VISUAL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300006

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Id:	46286
Autor:	Pérez Zapata, Laura; Aznar-Casanova, J. Antonio; Torro-Alves, Nelson; Supèr, Hans.
Título:	Are first-order disparity gradients spatial primitives of the orientation of lines on the ground plane?.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):285-299, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Projeto	JAAC. Ref. PSI2012-35194.
Resumo em inglês:	The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in processing orientation on the frontal and ground planes. The stimuli comprised two yellow circles conceived as the endpoints of a segment and depicted on a black background. In Experiment 1, the observers performed two tasks on both planes (frontal and ground). In Task 1 they were asked to indicate the absolute location of the two endpoints, presented one at a time (successive task). In Task 2 they had to locate the relative position of the endpoints presented simultaneously (simultaneous task). Relative and absolute errors were analyzed according to a cyclopean coordinate system derived from the geometry of the visual scene. These two kinds of errors were studied within the framework of the hypothesis that each kind of task would minimize the error related to its codification. The results showed greater absolute errors in the simultaneous task than in the successive task and greater relative errors in which the successive task seemingly activated a more accurate way of codification of the orientation. In Experiment 2 we controlled the availability of visual depth cues by changing the presentation time (50 and 3000 ms) and viewing conditions (monocular and binocular) in the simultaneous task. The results showed that the precision of orientation judgments was poorer on the ground plane than on the frontal plane, except when the observers used binocular vision. These results suggest that the orientation of a segment, at least on the ground plane, can be conceptualized as a gradient of disparities.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Visão Monocular Visão Binocular Percepção de Profundidade Percepção Espacial
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL DISCRIMINAÇÃO DE TAMANHO ORIENTAÇÃO ESPACIAL (PERCEPÇÃO) VISÃO BINOCULAR VISÃO
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SPATIAL PERCEPTION SIZE DISCRIMINATION SPATIAL ORIENTATION (PERCEPTION) BINOCULAR VISION VISION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL DISCRIMINACIÓN POR TAMAÑO ORIENTACIÓN ESPACIAL (PERCEPCIÓN) VISIÓN BINOCULAR VISIÓN
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300007

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Id:	46285
Autor:	Mauerberg-de Castro, Eliane; Moraes, Renato; Tavares, Carolina Paioli; Figueiredo, Gabriella Andreeta; Pacheco, Stephanie C.M.; Costa, Thais D.A..
Título:	Haptic anchoring and human postural control.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):301-318, July-Dec. 2014 ilus.
Resumo em inglês:	Several studies have emphasized the contribution of haptic input that results from the use of rigid and non-rigid tools to the postural control system. Experimental protocols such as the light touch and the anchor system are based on individuals' haptic exploration of the environment through direct tactile-kinesthetic contact, or indirectly through rigid or flexible tools that are attached to the body. In this article, we introduce the main findings of humans' haptic use of non-rigid tools during postural control tasks. We illustrate the effects of an anchor system paradigm on the maintenance of stability via haptic information. Haptic anchoring includes the handling of flexible cables that are attached to loads that are in contact with a surface. We include results of studies about haptic information gathered during the holding of a walking dog's leash. Studies that used the anchor system demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing body sway in several groups, including young adults, children, older individuals, and intellectually disabled individuals. We discuss several experimental designs and intervention protocols in order to illustrate how haptic anchoring could prompt functional plasticity.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Equilíbrio Postural Percepção do Tato
Descritores Psi Português:	POSTURA PERCEPÇÃO TÁTIL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	POSTURE TACTUAL PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	POSTURA PERCEPCIÓN TÁCTIL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300008

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Id:	46284
Autor:	Moraes, Renato.
Título:	A model for selecting alternate foot placement during human locomotion.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):319-329, July-Dec. 2014 ilus.
Descritores DECS:	Locomoção Tempo de Reação Percepção Visual
Descritores Psi Português:	LATÊNCIA DE RESPOSTA LOCOMOÇÃO ORIENTAÇÃO ESPACIAL (PERCEPÇÃO)
Descritores Psi Inglês:	RESPONSE LATENCY LOCOMOTION SPATIAL ORIENTATION (PERCEPTION)
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	RESPUESTA LATENTE LOCOMOCIÓN ORIENTACIÓN ESPACIAL (PERCEPCIÓN)
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300009

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Id:	46283
Autor:	Rodrigues, Sérgio T.; Galvão, Nicole C.; Gotardi, Gisele C..
Título:	Visual estimation of apertures for wheelchair locomotion in novices: perceptual judgment and motor practice.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):331-340, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of motor practice on visual judgments of apertures for wheelchair locomotion and the visual control of wheelchair locomotion in wheelchair users who had no prior experience. Sixteen young adults, divided into motor practice and control groups, visually judged varying apertures as passable or impassable under walking, pre-practice, and post-practice conditions. The motor practice group underwent additional motor practice in 10 blocks of five trials each, moving the wheelchair through different apertures. The relative perceptual boundary was determined based on judgment data and kinematic variables that were calculated from videos of the motor practice trials. The participants overestimated the space needed under the walking condition and underestimated it under the wheelchair conditions, independent of group. The accuracy of judgments improved from the pre-practice to post-practice condition in both groups. During motor practice, the participants adaptively modulated wheelchair locomotion, adjusting it to the apertures available. The present findings from a priori visual judgments of space and the continuous judgments that are necessary for wheelchair approach and passage through apertures appear to support the dissociation between processes of perception and action.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Cadeiras de Rodas Locomoção Percepção Visual Destreza Motora
Descritores Psi Português:	LOCOMOÇÃO PERCEPÇÃO VISUAL PROCESSOS PERCEPTOMOTORES
Descritores Psi Inglês:	LOCOMOTION VISUAL PERCEPTION PERCEPTUAL MOTOR PROCESSES
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	LOCOMOCIÓN PERCEPCIÓN VISUAL PROCESOS PERCEPMOTORES
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300010

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Id:	46282
Autor:	Kennedy, John M..
Título:	Esthetics, "Aida" and "Re-entry shock": Fountains in a blind woman's drawings.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):341-347, July-Dec. 2014 ilus.
Resumo em inglês:	Blind people can invent drawings for material objects like cups, and matters esthetic, like "glory" at the climax of a story. In sketches of cups, their drawings are realistic, using lines for surface edges of profiles, and borders of cross-sections. They are metaphoric if they show purely mental events. These points are illustrated by two drawings by EW, a blind woman with two notable uses of a "fountain" device. One shows "glory" in the opera "Aida" and one is for memories overflowing.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Cegueira Metáfora Percepção do Tato Arte
	-Estética
Limites:	Humanos Feminino Adulto
Descritores Psi Português:	CEGO ARTE ESTÉTICA METÁFORA PERCEPÇÃO TÁTIL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	BLIND ART AESTHETICS METAPHOR TACTUAL PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	CIEGO ARTE ESTÉTICA METÁFORA PERCEPCIÓN TÁCTIL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300011

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Id:	46281
Autor:	Pelegrin, Andressa K.A.P.; Siqueira, Hilze B.O. Moura; Garbi, Márcia O.S.S.; Saltareli, Simone; Sousa, Fátima Faleiros.
Título:	Evaluation and measurement of pain in the aging process.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):349-354, July-Dec. 2014 tab.
Projeto	Foundation for Research Support of São Paulo. no. 2009/06972-9.
Resumo em inglês:	The purpose of the present study was to evaluate pain in the aging process in long-term care institutions. The study included 46 elderly subjects of both genders and with chronic pain. Descriptors of chronic pain were analyzed using psychophysical category estimation methods, and the thematic content of semi-structured interviews was analyzed. Chronic pain was perceived in 33.33% of the elderly subjects. For the descriptors of pain, the results showed higher scores for "painful." In the interview, the thematic units were time, start of symptoms, coping, pain-related causes, current situation, and other perceptions about pain. Pain was related to physical, emotional, and cognitive factors. The present results shed light on "pain" and "aging" phenomena and may contribute to improving the management of pain symptoms in long-term institution residents.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Medição da Dor Envelhecimento
	-Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Idoso
Descritores Psi Português:	DOR PERCEPÇÃO DE DOR ENVELHECIMENTO ASILOS PARA IDOSOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN PAIN PERCEPTION AGING HOMES FOR THE AGED
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	DOLOR PERCEPCIÓN DEL DOLOR ENVEJECIMIENTO ASILOS PARA ANCIANOS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300012

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Id:	46280
Autor:	Oliveira, Iraides M.; Machado, Alessandro R. P.; Pereira, Adriano A.; Andrade, Adriano O..
Título:	Estimated features from surface EMG of the lower limb correlate with the subjective sensation of pain.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):355-361, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Pain assessment is very important in establishing the efficacy of analgesics and therapies, but because pain is a subjective experience, using methods that represent pain objectively is necessary. A number of biopotentials have been employed in studies of the objective assessment of pain. However, few investigations have considered the peripheral nervous system response to electrical stimulation. The present study evaluated a method for pain quantification based on the analysis of biopotentials. We assessed electromyographic activity that resulted from evoked movements from the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR). We investigated correlations between stimulus intensity, features extracted from surface electromyography (EMG), and subjective pain reported by subjects using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). A total of 10 healthy male subjects without any pain disorder, aged 20-27 years, participated in the study. A high correlation (r2 .87) was found between stimulus intensity and the following features extracted from the EMG: area, root mean square (RMS), and entropy. A high correlation (r2 .99) was also found between stimulus intensity and subjective pain reported on the VAS. We conclude that estimating features from electromyographic signals that are correlated with subjective pain sensations and the intensity of the electrical stimulus is possible. Entropy, RMS, and the area of the electromyographic signal appear to be relevant parameters in correlations with subjective pain.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Dor Medição da Dor Eletromiografia
	-Estimulação Elétrica
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Adulto
Descritores Psi Português:	ESTIMULAÇÃO ELÉTRICA ELETROMIOGRAFIA PERCEPÇÃO DE DOR
Descritores Psi Inglês:	ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ELECTROMIOGRAPHY PAIN PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ESTIMULACIÓN ELÉCTRICA ELECTROMIOGRAFÍA PERCEPCIÓN DEL DOLOR
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300013

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Id:	46279
Autor:	Walter, Steffen; Gruss, Sascha; Limbrecht-Ecklundt, Kerstin; Traue, Harald C.; Werner, Philipp; Al-Hamadi, Ayoub; Diniz, Nicolai; Silva, Gustavo Moreira da; Andrade, Adriano O..
Título:	Automatic pain quantification using autonomic parameters.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):363-380, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	The objective measurement of subjective, multi-dimensionally experienced pain is a problem for which there has not been an adequate solution. Although verbal methods (e.g., pain scales and questionnaires) are commonly used to measure clinical pain, they tend to lack objectivity, reliability, or validity when applied to mentally impaired individuals. Biopotential and behavioral parameters may represent a solution. Such coding systems already exist, but they are either very costly or time-consuming or have not been sufficiently evaluated. In this context, we collected a database of biopotentials to advance an automated pain recognition system, determine its theoretical testing quality, and optimize its performance. For this purpose, participants were subjected to painful heat stimuli under controlled conditions. One hundred thirty-five features were extracted from the mathematical groupings of amplitude, frequency, stationarity, entropy, linearity, and variability. The following features were chosen as the most selective: (1) electromyography corrugator peak to peak, (2) corrugator shannon entropy, and (3) heart rate variability slope RR. Individual-specific calibration allows the adjustment of feature patterns, resulting in significantly more accurate pain detection rates. The objective measurement of pain in patients will provide valuable information for the clinical team, which may aid the objective assessment of treatment (e.g., effectiveness of drugs for pain reduction, information on surgical indication, and quality of care provided to patients).(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Medição da Dor
	-Controle Automático
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO DE DOR
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PAIN PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN DEL DOLOR
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300014

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Id:	46278
Autor:	Nather, Francisco Carlos; Fernandes, Paola Alarcon Monteiro; Bueno, José Lino Oliveira.
Título:	Subjective time perception is affected by different durations of exposure to abstract paintings that represent human movement.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):381-392, July-Dec. 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Time perception can be affected by real emotional pictures of people that evoke different levels of arousal. Figurative artwork images of body postures that imply movement with different intensities and evoke different levels of arousal can modulate the perception of time. The present study investigated whether abstract paintings that represent motion in different ways affect the perception of time when subjects are exposed to the paintings for different durations. Undergraduate students observed 20 abstract paintings from different artistic schools (i.e., cubism, constructivism, expressionism, and futurism). They observed for 3 s each painting and estimated the time of exposure (reproduction method). After the time estimations, the subjects completed different semantic Movement, Arousal, Complexity, and Recognition scales to obtain information about how the painting compositions were perceived. Time distortions were observed for only two cubist paintings that represented human forms, which were related to both evoked arousal and implied movement (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 further verified whether these time distortions were related to implied movement perception or arousal. Different groups of participants were exposed for 3 and 9 s to only four cubist paintings that represented human forms. These time exposures (3 and 9 s) were used because the arousal-evoking effects may be transient for exposure times that are longer than 2-3 s. The data analysis revealed overestimation of time for the cubist painting that had greater arousal and movement scores only when the subjects were exposed for 9 s, showing that implied movement in abstract human figures is more effective than images with emotional content. We discuss the effect of durations of exposure to pictorial characteristics of artwork on time perception, emphasizing aspects of the visual perception of human forms in cubist paintings and arousal effects in an aesthetic episode.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção do Tempo Pinturas
	-Cognição
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Adulto Jovem
Descritores Psi Português:	PERCEPÇÃO DE TEMPO PINTURA (ARTE) PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	TIME PERCEPTION PAINTING (ART) COGNITIVE PROCESSES
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PERCEPCIÓN DEL TIEMPO PINTURA PROCESOS COGNITIVOS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300015

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Id:	46277
Autor:	Lopes, Ederaldo José; Garcia, Ricardo Basso.
Título:	On the possibility of using reaction time to study false memories.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):393-397, July-Dec. 2014.
Resumo em inglês:	Research on false memories has extensively used the recognition and recollection of lists of semantically associated words, called the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In the DRM procedure, the measure of accuracy/errors is usually the main dependent variable. In this paper we review research that integrated reaction time measures into the DRM paradigm and discuss the future contributions of measures of reaction time to the understanding of false memories.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Memória Tempo de Reação
Descritores Psi Português:	RECONHECIMENTO (PSICOLOGIA) MEMÓRIA FALSA TEMPO DE REAÇÃO
Descritores Psi Inglês:	RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY) FALSE MEMORY REACTION TIME
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	RECONOCIMIENTO (PSICOLOGÍA) FALSA MEMORIA TIEMPO DE REACCIÓN
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300016

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Id:	46276
Autor:	Santana, Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de; Galera, Cesar.
Título:	Visual-spatial and verbal-spatial binding in working memory.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(3):399-406, July-Dec. 2014 ilus, graf.
Projeto	Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. 2010/10913-5.
Resumo em inglês:	The asymmetric pattern of binding of features in working memory is a controversial topic in the literature. The binding of visual- spatial and verbal-spatial information was studied in a serial recognition task to address the contribution of spatial location, visual appearance, and verbal identity to binding in working memory. The participants (n = 32) made a recognition judgment of two sequences of four stimuli each based on a relevant dimension while ignoring changes in an irrelevant dimension. In the visual and verbal tasks, the location was irrelevant. In the spatial tasks, the visual or verbal dimension was irrelevant. Our data showed that the visual or verbal characteristics of the object were incidentally encoded with the spatial location, but the spatial location of the items was not codified together with either the verbal features or visual characteristics when a verbal strategy was limited by articulatory suppression. This asymmetry in binding memory when the participants had to retain one of the features that was presented suggests a functional interaction between specific components of modalities of information and a system that maintains the multimodal representation.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Memória de Curto Prazo Percepção Espacial Percepção Visual
Descritores Psi Português:	MEMÓRIA DE CURTO PRAZO PERCEPÇÃO ESPACIAL PERCEPÇÃO VISUAL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SHORT TERM MEMORY SPATIAL PERCEPTION VISUAL PERCEPTION
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	MEMORIA DE CORTO PLAZO PERCEPCIÓN ESPACIAL PERCEPCIÓN VISUAL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000300017

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Id:	45935
Autor:	Mograbi, Daniel C..
Título:	Psychology & Neuroscience indicators in 2013: evidence of growth and internationalization.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):61-63, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Descritores DECS:	Indicadores Bibliométricos Internacionalidade
Descritores Psi Português:	INDICADORES CIENTÍFICOS PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SCIENCE INDICATORS SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	REVISTAS CIENTÍFICAS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200001

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Id:	45934
Autor:	Braga, Natalia Nassiff; Fukuda, Marisa Tomoe Hebihara; Almeida, Sebastião Sousa.
Título:	Early postnatal protein malnutrition impairs recognition memory in rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):103-111, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, tab.
Projeto	FAPESP. 2008/01078-5.
Resumo em inglês:	The initial period of postnatal life is critical for brain development in both rodents and humans. Protein malnutrition imposed during this period produces irreversible consequences that include structural, neurochemical, and functional changes in the central nervous system, leading to long-term alterations in behavioral and cognitive parameters, such as memory. In this work, previously malnourished rats were evaluated in recognition memory procedures. Male Wistar rats (n = 132) were given isocaloric diets that contained 6% (malnourished) or 16% (control) protein until 49 days of life. A nutritional recovery period with standard lab chow was imposed from 50 to 70 days of age when the experiments began. Four different procedures of recognition memory were conducted. The analysis showed that malnourished rats had lower body weight compared with control rats from the first week of life until the end of the experiments (p .05). In the memory procedures, malnourished rats had lower recognition indices compared with controls (p .05). Well-nourished rats had a tendency to direct their exploration toward novelty, whereas malnourished rats explored the objects in the same proportion, demonstrating that they did not recognize the novelty. Protein malnutrition imposed early in life is suggested to affect hippocampal formation, the development of which is concentrated during this developmental period, and thus impair memory consolidation.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Desnutrição Proteica Memória de Curto Prazo
Limites:	Animais Ratos
Descritores Psi Português:	MEMÓRIA DE CURTO PRAZO DEFICIÊNCIAS DA NUTRIÇÃO RATOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SHORT TERM MEMORY NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES RATS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	MEMORIA DE CORTO PLAZO TRASTORNOS DE LA NUTRICIÓN RATAS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200006

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Id:	45933
Autor:	Felisberti, Fatima M.; Musholt, Kristina.
Título:	Self-face perception: Individual differences and discrepancies associated with mental self-face representation, attractiveness and self-esteem.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):65-72, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, graf.
Resumo em inglês:	Self-face perception plays an important role in self-consciousness and personal identity as well as in social exchanges and well-being. Despite its significance, little is known about how individuals represent their faces internally. This study explored mechanisms of self-face perception in three experiments. First, participants chose from two images (self-face image vs. self-image with manipulated facial features) which one was their veridical image and which one they liked most. Afterwards, participants could (digitally) manipulate their facial features to increase their attractiveness (either to themselves or to an imagined other/s). Results showed that self-face recognition was better when veridical faces were paired with 'clones' with larger facial features or when all facial features were enlarged concurrently. Moreover, up to half of the participants preferred smaller noses and larger eyes and manipulated their self-images accordingly. State (but not trait) self-esteem was inversely correlated with eye, mouth and nose size manipulations made to increase one's attractiveness. The results indicate that a certain tolerance for error in self-face recognition might be required to maintain a consistent facial identity during one's lifespan. The discovered preference for neotenous features and discrepancies between one's perceived and one's veridical face and their link to state self-esteem are discussed.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Autoimagem Individualidade Expressão Facial
Limites:	Humanos Feminino Adulto
Descritores Psi Português:	AUTOPERCEPÇÃO ATRATIVIDADE FACIAL REPRESENTAÇÃO MENTAL DIFERENÇAS INDIVIDUAIS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SELF PERCEPTION FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS MENTAL REPRESENTATION INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	AUTOPERCEPCIÓN ATRACTIVIDAD FACIAL REPRESENTACIÓN MENTAL DIFERENCIAS INDIVIDUALES
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200002

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Id:	45932
Autor:	Millians, Molly N.; Coles, Claire D..
Título:	Case study: saturday cognitive habilitation program for children with prenatal alcohol exposure.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):163-173, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	This case study describes the outcomes of a Saturday community intervention program for children suspected of or affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol who exhibited learning deficits. Five children participated in the program and received individualized interventions designed to address learning and academic deficits in either reading or mathematics. Often children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure exhibit deficits with executive processes, including metacognitive functioning, that interfere with learning. Instruction to improve metacognitive skills was incorporated into the intervention programs. The metacognitive training was adapted from the Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE) and targeted the children's skills to plan, organize, shift, and evaluate problem solving strategies. Standardized tests of nonverbal reasoning and academic achievement were administered before and after the children received interventions to measure progress. The results indicated that four of the five children who participated in the program showed clinically significant gains with scores increasing from the borderline or low average to the average range on measures of nonverbal reasoning, reading comprehension, or mathematics reasoning. One child showed no gains on measures of nonverbal reasoning and reading. A variety of factors including age, cognitive profile, session attendance, and access to special education and other intervention services may have influenced the child's progress. Overall, the case reviews suggest that the interventions show promise to remediate learning problems of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure in a community setting.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Lesões Pré-Natais Função Executiva Serviços de Reabilitação
	-Testes de Aptidão Transtornos Cognitivos
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Criança Adolescente
Descritores Psi Português:	INFLUÊNCIAS PRÉ-NATAIS INTERVENÇÃO PSICOTERAPÊUTICA APTIDÃO COGNITIVA DISTÚRBIOS DA APRENDIZAGEM
Descritores Psi Inglês:	PRENATAL INFLUENCES PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION COGNITIVE ABILITY LEARNING DISABILITIES
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	INFLUENCIAS PRENATALES INTERVENCIÓN PSICOTERAPÉUTICA APTITUD COGNITIVA TRASTORNOS DEL APRENDIZAJE
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200013

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Id:	45931
Autor:	Santana, Carla C. V. P. de; Souza, Wânia C. de; Feitosa, M. Angela G..
Título:	Recognition of facial emotional expressions and its correlation with cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):73-81, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Delays in cognitive development are found in the first years of life. As years pass, it may turn into intellectual deficiencies that unfold into several aspects, including difficulty recognizing emotional facial expressions. The present study investigated the recognition of six universal facial emotional expressions in a population of children aged 6-11 years who were divided into two groups: DS group and typically developing children (TDC) group. We used the Perception Test of Facial Emotional Expressions (Teste de Percepção de Emoções Faciais; TEPEF) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and found that children with DS presented alterations in the recognition of expressions of disgust, surprise, and fear, whereas the recognition of happiness, sadness, and anger was maintained at a level comparable to the TDC group. Participants with DS presented significant positive correlations between sadness and Picture completion, Mazes, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Digits, Verbal IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Memory Index. All other facial expressions showed significant negative correlations with the Intelligence Quotient and WISC-III factorial index subtests. Absence of correlations was found among the TEPEF's six facial expressions and Information, Coding, Symbols, and Working Memory Index. The contribution of this study is related to understanding the characteristics of the recognition of facial emotions in children with DS, an important component of social relationships with their peers, schools, and families.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Síndrome de Down Expressão Facial Emoções Cognição
	-Percepção Visual
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Criança
Descritores Psi Português:	SÍNDROME DE DOWN EXPRESSÕES FACIAIS ESTADOS EMOCIONAIS APTIDÃO COGNITIVA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	DOWNS SYNDROME FACIAL EXPRESSIONS EMOTIONAL STATES COGNITIVE ABILITY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	SÍNDROME DE DOWN EXPRESIONES FACIALES ESTADOS EMOCIONALES APTITUD COGNITIVA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200003

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Id:	45930
Autor:	Conde, Erick Q.; Cavallet, Mikael; Torro-Alves, Nelson; Matsushima, Elton H.; Fraga-Filho, Roberto S.; Jazenko, Fernanda; Busatto, Geraldo; Gawryszewski, Luiz G..
Título:	Effects of affective valence on a mixed Spatial Correspondence Task: a reply to Proctor (2013).
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):83-90, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, graf, tab.
Projeto	CNPq; . CAPES; . FAPERJ; . CNPq; . Fapesp. 450588/2009-2; 309544/2009-2; 483611/2009-3; 455353/2012-3,; 312189/2012-5; 478834/2013-6; 06/2013; 110.079/2013; E-26/101.958/2010; E-26/101.061/2011; E-26/100.661/2013; E-26/102.160/2013; 479793/2013-1; 2011/09946-9; 2011/19179-5.
Resumo em inglês:	The present study investigated the influence of emotional valence on the spatial stimulus-key location correspondence effect in three experiments using the Affective Spatial Correspondence task (AffSCt). We initially reanalyzed the results of Conde et al. (2011) according to the model proposed by Proctor (2013). In that study, compatible and incompatible responses were chosen according to the participants' team preference. In one block, the volunteers had to press a key on the same side for the Favorite team and on the opposite side for the Rival team. In another block, a reverse code was used. We found that responses were faster for the Favorite-compatible/Rival-incompatible condition (614 ms) compared with the Favorite-incompatible/Rival-compatible condition (691 ms). The same experimental arrangement was replicated in another Brazilian city, and similar results were found. Additionally, we employed non-affective "fake" soccer teams as a control condition, and no mapping-rule effect was observed. Finally, a final experiment that used the same design but different non-affective stimuli (yellow and blue bars) was performed to provide further evidence that the valence effect in the present experimental paradigm only occurs with affective stimuli. As expected, non-affective stimuli did not produce an overall advantage for any mapping rules, corroborating earlier findings with similar mixed designs. The results confirmed the previous findings and validity of the AffSCt as a methodology to investigate the effects of emotional valence on stimulus-response correspondence. However, we are unable to provide a conclusive explanation to support the several hypotheses proposed previously in our paper and by Proctor (2013).(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Controle Comportamental Condicionamento (Psicologia) Percepção Espacial Tempo de Reação
Descritores Psi Português:	ESTIMULAÇÃO CONTROLE MOTOR RESPOSTAS EMOCIONAIS TEMPO DE REAÇÃO
Descritores Psi Inglês:	STIMULATION MOTOR CONTROL EMOTIONAL RESPONSES REACTION TIME
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ESTIMULACIÓN CONTROL MOTOR RESPUESTAS EMOCIONALES TIEMPO DE REACCIÓN
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200004

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Id:	45929
Autor:	Yamada, Karen Y.; Satake, Susan Y.; Perry, Juliana C.; Garcia, Karina O.; D'Almeida, Vânia; Tufik, Sergio; Longo, Beatriz M.; Barbosa-Silva, Regina C..
Título:	Effect of postnatal intermittent hypoxia on locomotor activity and neuronal development in rats tested in early adulthood.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):125-130, Jan.-June 2014 ilus.
Projeto	FAPESP; . CEPID; . FAPESP; . CNPq. 2006/61223-3; 98/14303-3; 2009/07278-9; 2009/07347-0; 2009/03616-7; 2010/00120-8; 558924/2008-5.
Resumo em inglês:	The present study evaluated the effects of postnatal intermittent hypoxia on locomotor activity and neuronal cell survival in early adulthood rats. During a critical period of brain development on postnatal day (PD) 7-11, male rat pups were exposed to intermittent hypoxia and randomly assigned to three experimental groups: (1) intermittent hypoxia, (2) normoxia, and (3) control (unhandled). One and a half months later on PD56, a behavioral test was conducted, and cell survival was estimated in the hilus, dental gyrus, and CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens shell and core, dorsal and ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Our results showed that intermittent hypoxia produced hyperactivity that correlated well with psychomotor agitation observed in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, post-hypoxic rats exhibited a reduction of the number of neurons in the hilar region of the hippocampus and dorsal striatum, structures that have been neuropathologically associated with schizophrenia.These findings suggest that intermittent hypoxia can modify the pattern of locomotor activity and selectively affect neurons in rats tested in early adulthood.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Hipóxia Celular Atividade Motora Sobrevivência Celular
	-Esquizofrenia
Limites:	Animais Ratos
Descritores Psi Português:	ANÓXIA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA ESQUIZOFRENIA RATOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	ANOXIA PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCHIZOPHRENIA RATS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ANOXIA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA ESQUISOFRENIA RATAS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200008

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Id:	45928
Autor:	Chambeaud, Javier G.; Martín, Andres; Barraza, Jose F..
Título:	Effect of disparity on the perception of motion-defined contours.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):91-101, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, graf.
Projeto	ANPCyT; . CIUNT. 2008 No. 2014; 26E/405.
Resumo em inglês:	We present three experiments that explored the effect of binocular disparity on the perception of contours defined by motion in a Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation. Depending on the disparity, the stimulus is perceived as an object that moves behind a holed surface (occluded configuration) or as a luminous transparency that moves over a surface that contains dots (occluding configuration). In all of the experiments, we used a Vernier task to assess the strength of contour perception. In the first experiment, we measured acuity as a function of disparity for a range of speeds and dot densities. The results showed that, despite the difference in the percepts, acuity was similar in both situations, replicating the dependence on speed and dot density demonstrated in previous studies. In the second experiment, the results showed that the dynamics of contour integration were identical for both occluded and occluding configurations. In the third experiment, we tested whether the mechanism of contour integration works independently from the interpretation of the scene. In this experiment, we inverted the disparity during stimulus presentation so that the stimulus switched between occluded and occluding configurations. The results showed that the switch of the depth order increased the threshold to the value obtained with a shorter presentation time. This might be produced by a resetting of the integration process driven by the change of depth order. The results are discussed within a conceptual model that places the process of contour integration in the context of the perception of objects in a Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Percepção de Forma Disparidade Visual
	-Acuidade Visual
Limites:	Humanos Adulto
Descritores Psi Português:	VISÃO BINOCULAR PERCEPÇÃO DE FORMA E CONTORNO ACUIDADE VISUAL
Descritores Psi Inglês:	BINOCULAR VISION FORM AND SHAPE PERCEPTION VISUAL ACUITY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	VISIÓN BINOCULAR PERCEPCIÓN DE FORMA Y CONTORNO ACUIDAD VISUAL
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200005

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Id:	45927
Autor:	Elcoro, Mirari; Thompson, Tina; Kelly, Scot P.; Pegan, Rhiannon; Aparicio, Carlos F..
Título:	6-Hydroxydopamine lesions in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to a peak-interval procedure.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):233-241, Jan.-June 2014 graf, tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Impaired temporal control is symptomatic of several neurological disorders; recently, it has been implicated in schizophrenia. An animal model of schizophrenia using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infused to the medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) was employed to examine its effects on temporal control. Twelve rats were trained on a peak-interval procedure (PIP) until stable patterns of behavior were obtained. Rats infused with 6-OHDA responded less during peak trials and their peak functions were flatter than sham rats. These results are consistent with similar studies with transgenic mice with increased striatal dopamine D2 receptor activity. Lesions in the mPFC decreased motivation to respond in a PIP. These effects may be considered analogous to negative symptoms of schizophrenia.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Receptores de Dopamina D2 Oxidopamina Esquizofrenia
	-Modelos Animais Esquema de Reforço
Limites:	Animais Ratos
Descritores Psi Português:	ESQUEMAS DE REFORÇO ESQUIZOFRENIA DOPAMINA MODELOS ANIMAIS RATOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES SCHIZOPHRENIA DOPAMINE ANIMAL MODELS RATS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ESQUEMAS DE REFUERZO ESQUISOFRENIA DOPAMINA MODELOS ANIMALES RATAS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200022

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Id:	45926
Autor:	Oliveira, Lívia F. S.; Santos, Amanda O; Vianna, Gabrielle S; Ninno, Camila Q. M. S. Di; Giacheti, Célia M; Carvalho, Maria R. S; Wood, Guilherme; Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro; Haase, Vitor G.
Título:	Impaired acuity of the approximate number system in 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):151-158, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Projeto	Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; . Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; . Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology. CAPES/DAAD Probral Program. 307006/2008-5; 401232/2009-3; 307975/2010-0; APQ-02755-SHA; APQ-03289-10.
Resumo em inglês:	A magnitude comparison deficit has been frequently observed in velocardiofacial syndrome (Del22q11.2). We hypothesized that this deficit extends to impairments in the acuity of the approximate number system (ANS). Three groups of children aged 8-14 years were investigated: Del22q11.2 children (n = 12), low cognitive ability children (LCA; n = 12), and matched typically developing children (TD; n = 28). All children were assessed with a simple reaction time task and symbolic and nonsymbolic number comparison tasks. To estimate the acuity of the ANS, the Weber fraction (w) was calculated from the nonsymbolic comparison task. The Del22q11.2 group exhibited a significantly higher w compared with the other groups. Importantly, no significant differences were found in w between the TD and LCA groups. The performance pattern of the Del22q11.2 group was similar to the TD group in the symbolic comparison task, and both of these groups had better performance than the LCA group. The impairment of ANS acuity observed in individuals with Del22q11.2 cannot be explained by deficits in general processing speed because no significant group differences were found in the simple reaction time task. These results suggest that lower acuity of the ANS should be added to the behavioral phenotype of Del22q11.2. The absence of impaired ANS acuity in the LCA group is consistent with the hypothesis that number sense is a relatively specific and autonomous domain. Investigations of low ANS acuity in mathematics learning difficulties and Del22q11.2 should be intensified.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Transtornos de Aprendizagem Síndrome de DiGeorge
	-Neuropsicologia
Descritores Psi Português:	DISTÚRBIOS MÚSCULO-ESQUELÉTICOS DISTÚRBIOS DA APRENDIZAGEM NEUROPSICOLOGIA APTIDÃO NUMÉRICA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS LEARNING DISABILITIES NEUROPSYCHOLOGY NUMERICAL ABILITY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	TRASTORNOS MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICOS TRASTORNOS DEL APRENDIZAJE NEUROPSICOLOGÍA APTITUD NUMÉRICA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200011

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Id:	45925
Autor:	Bernardi, Maria M.; Teixeira, Lívia P.; Ligeiro-de-Oliveira, Ana P.; Tavares-de-Lima, Wothan; Palermo-Neto, João; Kirsten, Thiago B..
Título:	Neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure induces sexually dimorphic sickness behavior in adult rats.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):113-123, Jan.-June 2014 ilus, graf.
Projeto	Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; . CNPq. 09/51886-3.
Resumo em inglês:	The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 µg/kg, i.p., on postnatal day 2) induces depressive- and/or anxiety-like effects and sexually dimorphic responses in rats challenged with LPS (100 µg/kg, i.p.) in adulthood. The results revealed that males presented a less depressive state in the forced swim test and exhibited no changes in general motor activity in the open field test. Females exhibited an increase in sickness behavior, revealing different behavioral strategies in response to a bacterial disease. The male rats also exhibited higher cell proliferation, reflected by bone marrow and peripheral blood counts, and female rats exhibited a decrease in corticosterone levels. No changes were observed in the elevated plus maze or peripheral cytokine levels (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Neonatal exposure to LPS induced sexually dimorphic behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immune effects after an LPS challenge in adulthood, differentially affecting male and female susceptibility to disease later in life.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Caracteres Sexuais Lipopolissacarídeos
	-Comportamento Animal Ratos Wistar
Limites:	Animais Ratos
Descritores Psi Português:	NEUROTOXINAS CARACTERES SEXUAIS ETOLOGIA ANIMAL RATOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	NEUROTOXINS SEX CHARACTERISTICS ANIMAL ETHOLOGY RATS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	NEUROTOXINAS CARACTERES SEXUALES ETOLOGÍA ANIMAL RATAS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200007

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Id:	45924
Autor:	Zanini, Adriana M.; Wagner, Gabriela P.; Zortea, Maxciel; Segabinazi, Joice D.; Salles, Jerusa F.; Bandeira, Denise R.; Trentini, Clarissa M..
Título:	Evidence of criterion validity for the Benton Visual Retention Test: comparison between older adults with and without a possible diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):131-138, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	The present study sought to provide evidence of criterion validity for the Benton Visual Retention Test by making comparisons between older adults with and without a possible diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The control group was composed of 50 older adults, and the clinical group was composed by 16 subjects. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed, including χ² test, F and Wald statistics, t-test, analyses of covariance with α = .05, and effect size calculations. We used a sociodemographic data form, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and Mini Mental State Examination. Despite the small clinical sample size, the results pointed to evidence of validity for the Benton Visual Retention Test for Administration A (Memory) and Administration C (Copy). The clinical group had significantly poorer performance on most scores. These results also indicate important deficits in other neuropsychological functions in Alzheimer's disease.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Testes Neuropsicológicos Validade dos Testes
	-Doença de Alzheimer
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Meia-Idade Idoso Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
Descritores Psi Português:	AVALIAÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA VALIDADE DO TESTE DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Descritores Psi Inglês:	NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT TEST VALIDITY ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	EVALUACIÓN NEUROPSICOLÓGICA VALIDACION DE TEST ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200009

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Id:	45923
Autor:	Haghshenas, Sajad; Hosseini, Motahare S.; Aminjan, Azin S..
Título:	A possible correlation between vestibular stimulation and auditory comprehension in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):159-162, Jan.-June 2014 tab.
Resumo em inglês:	Twenty children, aged 10 to 12 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were selected to study the effect of vestibular stimulation on auditory perception and sensitivity using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA CPT; a neuropsychological test that is applied in occupational therapy clinics). The present study examined children based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision. After obtaining guardian and parental consent, the children were enrolled in the study and randomly matched according to age across intervention and control groups. The IVA CPT was applied as a pre-test. The children in the intervention group then received vestibular stimulation during therapy sessions twice per week for 10 weeks. The IVA CPT assessment (post-test) was then applied in both groups. The mean pre- and post-test scores were compared across groups. The statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in improvement in auditory comprehension. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that vestibular training is a reliable and powerful treatment option for ADHD, especially when combined with other training. Stimulating the sense of balance highlights the important interaction between inhibition and cognition.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Estimulação Acústica Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade Percepção Auditiva
	-Testes Neuropsicológicos
Limites:	Humanos Masculino Feminino Criança
Descritores Psi Português:	ESTIMULAÇÃO SOMESTÉSICA PERCEPÇÃO AUDITIVA TRANSTORNO DA FALTA DE ATENÇÃO COM HIPERATIVIDADE
Descritores Psi Inglês:	SOMESTHETIC STIMULATION AUDITORY PERCEPTION ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ESTIMULACIÓN SOMESTÉSICA PERCEPCIÓN AUDITIVA TRASTORNO POR DEÉFICIT DE ATENCIÓN CON HIPERACTIVIDAD
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200012

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Id:	45922
Autor:	Lapenta, Olivia M.; Valasek, Claudia A.; Brunoni, André R.; Boggio, Paulo S..
Título:	An ethical discussion of the use of transcranial direct current stimulation for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals: a fictional case study.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):175-180, Jan.-June 2014.
Projeto	FAPESP; . CNPq. 2012/24696-1.
Resumo em inglês:	Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique. Because of its low cost, ease of use, safety, and portability, tDCS has been increasingly investigated for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric disorders and in experimental neuropsychological studies with healthy volunteers. These experiments on healthy cognition have shown significant effects on working memory, decision-making, and language. Such promising results have fomented reflections on studying tDCS to enhance or modify normal cognitive function, a concept described by some as "cosmetic" neurology. As the field evolves, discussing whether the use of tDCS in these situations is appropriate is important, including how bioethical principles may help resolve these challenges. In this article, we present some examples of the effects of tDCS on cognition in healthy participants as a starting point for this ethical debate. We envision a futuristic "Brain Boosting" tDCS clinic that specializes in cosmetic neurology and cognitive enhancement. Using the typical cases of a fictitious Dr. Icarus as a discussion starting point, we raise some issues that are both humorous and provocative about the use of tDCS in healthy people. The importance of this work is to ask relatively new questions regarding cosmetic neurology in the field of neuromodulation and discuss the related ethical conflicts.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana Ética Cognição
Limites:	Humanos
Descritores Psi Português:	PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS ESTIMULAÇÃO MAGNÉTICA TRANSCRANIANA ÉTICA
Descritores Psi Inglês:	COGNITIVE PROCESSES TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ETHICS
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	PROCESOS COGNITIVOS ESTIMULACIÓN MAGNÉTICA TRANSCRANIANA ÉTICA
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200014

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Id:	45921
Autor:	Hildt, Elisabeth.
Título:	On the current neuroenhancement use of transcranial direct current stimulation by healthy individuals - a non-fictional snap-shot: commentary on Lapenta et al. 2014.
Fonte:	Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.);7(2):181-182, Jan.-June 2014.
Resumo em inglês:	This commentary examines the pros and cons of the fictitious enhancement scenarios used in Lapenta et al. 2014. Then it gives a non-fictional impression of the current self-enhancement use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) by healthy individuals and discusses the ethical issues involved.(AU)
Descritores DECS:	Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana Cognição
	-Ética
Descritores Psi Português:	ESTIMULAÇÃO MAGNÉTICA TRANSCRANIANA ÉTICA PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS
Descritores Psi Inglês:	TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION ETHICS COGNITIVE PROCESSES
Descritores Psi Espanhol:	ESTIMULACIÓN MAGNÉTICA TRANSCRANIANA ÉTICA PROCESOS COGNITIVOS
Meio Eletrônico:	http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-32882014000200015

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